cartilaginous tissues

Cartilaginous tissues: Hyaline is characterized by:
* perichondrium
* homogeneous matrix
* chondrocytes are prepared individually or in groups.
* the chondrocytes are of a size in between.

The perichondrium has two layers.

cartilages and cartilage structures

Cartilaginous is a kind of tissue which is hyaline, trachea characteristics.
The hyaline cartilage is characterized by:
* perichondrium
* Matrix structure
* Chondrocytes are prepared individually or in groups.
* size of chondrocytes

The perichondrium has two layers: fibrous layer (collagen fibers, fibroblasts) and condrogena layer which is contains condroblasts.

cartilage physiology histology

Building

Schematic example of a Chondrons

As Chondroblasten come cartilage cells, chondrocytes, and Chondroklasten before. As Chondroblasten ( "Knorpelbildner"), the precursor cells called chondrocytes. They come from mesenchymal stem cells and make the active form of cartilage cells, because they all components of cartilage matrix can synthesize. Once this synthesis function they have, they differentiate into the chondrocytes, the actual cartilage cells. The chondrocytes are smaller than the Chondroblasten, spherical shape, have a rounded nucleus and contain lots of water, fat and glycogen. Their number, location and density for each Knorpelart specific. Chondrocytes are still in the immature state divide, which is characteristic appearance of "isogenic groups" may lead. They arise when the dividing cells already surrounded by cartilage matrix and are thus no longer differentiate between soft can. The groups are isogenic chondrocyte complexes, where each complex from a single chondrocytes arose. The individual complexes seem from a cartilage capsule to be surrounded and cartilage in a cave (Lacuna) to lie, but only when the fixation arises and the originally received by the chondrocytes reflects place. That includes a Knorpelhof, who through his property basophils anfärbbar is clear (territory). The isogenic groups are usually arranged columnar. The isogenic group and their territory summarizes it as "Chondron" together. Once the chondrocytes are differentiated, they lose their ability to divide. Chondroklasten known as scavenger cells in turn, focusing on specialized cartilage. They are much larger and merger of several monocytes and thus arose mostly Multinucleated giant cells. They play the main role in the degradation of early cartilage bones model (chondrale ossification) to the bone or later, in this context, including the healing of fractures.

Formation of cartilage tissue and its growth

Formation of cartilage tissue and its growth

The process of cartilage formation, which is also called Chondrogenese will increase initially from the densely mesenchyma zusammengelegenen Chondroblasten. This eventually take on their function and it is a matrix, which is rich in Chondromukoprotein. At the same time Tropokollagen produces and Extrazellularraum than collagen deposition. Through the production of these substances move the Chondroblasten ever further apart. At the same time, they differentiate into chondrocytes, either individually in the matrix, or propagate by division and then as isogenic groups may be present. The growth of cartilage done so primarily by the size of the increase Interzellularsubstanz, which also known as interstitial growth which is just under the cartilage formation occurs. For further growth, or even in a limited framework for the regeneration of cartilage tissue is mainly the Anlagerungswachstum (appositionelles growth) responsible. This leads to the formation of cartilage tissue from the surface, namely through the cartilage skin. In its inner layer sit Chondroblasten that synthesize the matrix and are still mitotic can share.

Cartilages

Cartilage Free information center for cartilage structure and biology, histology for you. If wanna learn about cartilages , you need some search on google and wikipedia. following wikipedia info already presents to you. Thank you. Cartilages is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagen fibers and/or elastin fibers, and can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones. Cartilage is found in many places in the body including the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs. There are three main types of cartilage: elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage. see more at wikipedia info.

Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage is intermediate in character between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.

1. Composition and organization. Fibrocartilage is characterized by abundant type I collagen fibers; at low magnification, it closely resembles dense connective tissue. The ground sub stance contains equal amounts of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. The matrix immediately surrounding the chondrocytes resembles that of hyaline cartilage and contains some type II collagen. The chondrocytes are distributed in columnar isogenous groups between the densely packed type I collagen bundles. There is no distinguishable perichondrium.


2. Histogenesis and growth. At sites where strong mechanical stresses occur, fibrocartilage develops from dense regular connective tissue through the transformation of fibroblasts or fibroblast like precursors into chondrocytes. Fibrocartilage growth has not been closely examined.

3. Function and location. Fibrocartilage is always associated with dense connective tissue, and the border between the two is usually indistinct. Its combination of cartilaginous ground substance and dense collagen bundles allows fibrocartilage to resist deformation under great stress; it is important in attaching bone to bone and providing restricted mobility. Sites in humans include the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disks, the symphysis pubis, and certain bone-ligament junctions.

Histogenesis - Hyaline Cartilage

3. Histogenesis, All cartilage derives from embryonic mesenchyme. During the development of hyaline cartilage, mesenchymal cells retract their cytoplasmic extensions and assume a rounded shape, becoming chondroblasts; at the same time, they become more tightly packed, forming a mesenchymal condensation, or precartilage condensation. The increased cell-to-cell contact stimulates cartilage differentiation, which progresses from the center outward. Chondroblasts at the core of the condensation are the first to secrete cartilaginous matrix materials, which separate the cells again. When it is completely surrounded by cartilage matrix, a chondroblast is termed a chondrocyte. Peripheral mesenchyme condenses around the developing cartilage mass to form the fibroblast-containing. dense, regular connective tissue of the perichondrium.


4. Growth. Cartilage grows by 2 distinct processes. Both involve mitosis and the deposition of additional matrix. Matrix synthesis is enhanced by growth hormone, thyroxine, and testesterone and is inhibited by estradiol and excess cortisone.
a. Interstitial growth involves the division of existing chondrocytes and gives rise to the isogenous groups, It is important in the formation of the fetal skeleton and continues in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages.
b. Appositional growth involves the differentiation into chondrocytes by chondroblasts and stem cells on the inner surface of the perichondrium. It is responsible for continued increase in the girth of the cartilage masses.

Cartilage types: a)Hyaline Cartilage

1. Composition
Fibers, Hyaline cartilage matrix contains thin fibrils of type II collagen. Their small size and their refractive index (close to that of the ground substance) make them difficult to distinguish with the light microscope. Type II collagen contains a higher proportion of hydroxylysine than does type I. b. Ground substance, the predominant tissue component, comprises the following: (1) GAGs, mostly chondroitin sulfates and hyaluronic acid, with smaller amounts of keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate
(2) Proteoglycans, core proteins with GAG side chains;
(3) Proteoglycan aggregates proteoglycans covalently linked to long chains of hyaluronic acid by link protein;
(4) Glycoproteins, which attach various matrix components to one another and cells to the matrix, including link protein, fibronectin, chondronectin; and (5) Tissue fluid, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma.